TURBINE
The mill does not flood.
A leader that tried to send a whole block to every validator would melt its own NIC. Turbine breaks the block into shreds and walks them down a tree.
Shreds
Packet-sized pieces.
- Data shreds carry transaction bytes.
- Coding shreds carry Reed-Solomon FEC so missing packets can be rebuilt without asking again.
Lose a large fraction of a shred set and the mill still reconstructs the block.
Tree, not gossip flood
Leader sends to a first layer. Each node forwards only to assigned children. Leader outbound bandwidth stays roughly constant. The work is spread.
Fanout is stake-weighted. Higher-stake validators sit closer to the root and see the block sooner.
UDP
Turbine prefers low-latency packets over reliable streams. Retransmit is expensive. FEC is cheaper.
Why it is here
Gulf Stream forwards txs to the upcoming leader. Turbine sends the finished block out. Two different mills, same clock.
Not a candle. Not a bid. The mill.